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NB/T 47014 Welding Procedure Qualification

NB/T 47014 is the core standard for welding procedure qualification of pressure-bearing equipment in China, such as pressure vessels, pipelines, and boilers. It replaces the old **JB/T 4708**. This standard specifies the requirements, test methods, and coverage of welding procedure qualification (WPS/PQR) to ensure the safety and reliability of welded joints.

Read：23+ Date：2025-04-03 17:02:51 Author: DTI

Scope of Qualification

Applicable Equipment

Pressure Vessels (GB/T 150)
Boilers (GB/T 16507)
Long-Distance Pipelines (GB/T 9711)

Applicable Welding Methods

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
Gas Metal Arc Welding / Flux-Cored Arc Welding (GMAW/FCAW)
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)
Electroslag Welding (ESW), etc.

Core Content of Qualification

Grouping of Base Materials

NB/T 47014 categorizes base materials into 10 groups (P1 to P10), and materials within the same group can be covered by a single evaluation.

Group	Typical Materials	Example Grades
P1	Low-Carbon Steel	Q245R, 20#
P3	Low-Alloy High-Strength Steel	Q345R, 16MnDR
P5	Medium-Alloy Heat-Resistant Steel	15CrMoR, 12Cr1MoVR
P8	Austenitic Stainless Steel	304, 316L
P10	Duplex Stainless Steel	S31803, S32205

Higher group materials can cover lower group materials (e.g., a WPS qualified for P5 can be used for P1). For welding dissimilar steels, the evaluation should meet the higher requirements of the two materials involved.

Welding Procedure Qualification Elements

Change Item	Need for Requalification	Explanation
Base Material Group	Yes (across groups)	P1 → P3 requires requalification
Welding Method	Yes	SMAW → GTAW requires requalification
Filler Material Grade	Yes (different categories)	J427 → J507 requires requalification
Preheat Temperature	Exceeding original range ±20℃	Originally 150℃, now <130℃ or >170℃ requires qualification
Current Type	Yes (DC → AC)	DC → AC requires requalification
Shielding Gas	Composition change (e.g., Ar → Ar + CO₂)	Supplementary tests required

Test Piece Preparation and Testing

Types of Test Pieces

Butt Weld Test Pieces: For evaluating butt welding processes (plates/pipes)
Fillet Weld Test Pieces: For evaluating fillet welding processes (T-joints)
Overlay Weld Test Pieces: For corrosion-resistant or wear-resistant overlay welding processes

Mandatory Test Items

Test Type	Butt Weld	Fillet Weld	Overlay Weld
Tensile Testing	✓	-	-
Bend Testing	✓ (face bend/back bend)	-	-
Impact Testing	✓ (for low-temperature steels)	-	-
Macro Metallography	✓	✓	✓
Hardness Testing	-	-	✓

Low-temperature steels with thickness ≥6mm (e.g., 16MnDR) require impact testing at -20℃ or -40℃. Austenitic stainless steels (P8) may be exempt from impact testing.

Qualification Process

Develop Pre-Welding Procedure Specification (pWPS)
- Propose welding parameters based on product requirements (groove design, current, voltage, speed, etc.)
Welding of Test Pieces
- Prepare test plates according to standard dimensions (e.g., butt weld test plate ≥300×150mm)
Non-Destructive Testing (RT/UT/PT/MT)
- Ensure no defects such as cracks, lack of fusion
Sampling and Mechanical Testing
- Sample and test for tensile, bend, impact, and other tests according to standards
Compile Welding Procedure Qualification Report (PQR)
- Record all parameters and test results, approved by the company's technical director
Issue Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
- Develop a WPS for production based on the PQR

Coverage Range (Thickness/Diameter)

Test Piece Thickness (T)	Coverage Range
T ≤ 6mm	0.75T to 1.5T
6mm < T ≤ 12mm	6mm to 2T (maximum 12mm)
T > 12mm	0.5T to 2T (no upper limit)

Example: If the test piece thickness T = 10mm, it covers workpieces ranging from 6mm to 20mm.

Common Questions

Repair Welding Requalification: If the repair welding parameters are consistent with the original WPS and do not exceed 2 repairs, requalification is not required (documentation is necessary).
Differences between NB/T 47014 and ASME IX:
- Material Grouping: ASME IX groups by P-No, while NB/T 47014 uses P1 to P10.
- Impact Testing: ASME IX is more flexible for low-temperature steels, whereas NB/T 47014 has mandatory requirements.
Automatic Welding Process Qualification: Additional process parameter monitoring records are required (e.g., wire feed speed, oscillation width), with other tests being the same as manual welding.

Example (PQR/WPS Table)

Key Fields in Welding Procedure Qualification Report (PQR)

Item	Example Value
Base Material	Q345R (P3) + 304 (P8)
Welding Method	GTAW for root pass + SMAW for fill
Filler Material	ER308L + J308
Preheat Temperature	100-120℃
Current/Voltage	90-110A/10-12V
Test Results	Tensile test passed, bend test no cracks

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NB/T 47014 Welding Procedure Qualification

Scope of Qualification

Applicable Equipment

Applicable Welding Methods

Core Content of Qualification

Grouping of Base Materials

Welding Procedure Qualification Elements

Test Piece Preparation and Testing

Types of Test Pieces

Mandatory Test Items

Qualification Process

Coverage Range (Thickness/Diameter)

Common Questions

Example (PQR/WPS Table)

Key Fields in Welding Procedure Qualification Report (PQR)

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Only Four Steps to Get Your Reports

Test Enquiry

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Reports Issuance

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Issues You May Care About

What is the difference between DTI and other third-party services?

How long will it take for DTI to issue a report?

Are the reports authoritative? Can they be used for export abroad?

What testing standards are used for the assessment?

What should I do if I have doubts about the test report provided?

What would I do if I’m not sure what items to be tested?

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Disclaimer

Disclaimer：

Disclaimer：

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How We Use Your Information

Disclosure of Your Information

We may also disclose your personal information:

Choices About How We Use and Disclose Your Information

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